Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
Los ntawm kev txhais, cov hlau ntshiab muaj ib lub ntsiab lus. Cov qauv ntawm cov hlau no tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis atoms ntawm ib qho khoom siv hlau. Alloys muaj ob lossis ntau lub ntsiab lus lossis cov alloys yaj thiab sib xyaw ua ke, yog li lawv cov qauv tshuaj muaj ntau tshaj ib lub caij. Piv txwv li, cov hlau ntshiab hlau tsuas muaj cov hlau atoms xwb. Hlau, hlau alloy ntawm hlau thiab carbon, feem ntau yog hlau atoms nrog cais atoms ntawm carbon uas qiv nws lub zog. Ntxiv cov hlau chromium los yog molybdenum rau cov hlau ua rau lwm cov hlau: stainless hlau.
Malleability thiab Ductility
Ib qho laj thawj uas cov tuam txhab tsim khoom sib txuas cov hlau ntshiab los ua cov hlau yog hloov pauv lub cev ntawm cov hlau. Cov hlau ntshiab yuav yog mos heev los tuav kom siv tsis tu ncua, tab sis alloying lawv ua rau lawv tawv dua. Raws li cov hlau ntshiab, kub khoov thiab ncab yooj yim kom nws rub tawm sai sai yog tias nws tau tsim rau hauv ib lub nplhaib thiab hnav ntawm tus ntiv tes. Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub manufacturers alloy ntshiab kub nrog nyiaj, tooj liab los yog zinc los txhim kho cov hlau durability thiab rigidity. Cov kub ua rau nws cov xim thiab tiv thaiv corrosion; lwm cov hlau pab txhawb lawv lub zog. Qhov tshwm sim yog 14-karat kub nplhaib uas tiv taus hnav txhua hnub.
Reactivity
Nyob rau hauv lawv cov natural elemental lub xeev, ib co dawb huv hlau reacted nrog lawv ib puag ncig, oxidizing thiab corroding kom txog thaum lawv ua tsis tau. Kev sib xyaw cov hlau no nrog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj zog hloov lawv cov reactivity, ncua lub neej ntawm cov khoom alloyed. Stainless hlau siv nws lub npe los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws tsis tuaj yeem xeb los yog qhov chaw zoo li lub cuab yeej hlau ntshiab. Alloying hlau yog ib qho txhais tau tias ua rau lawv tsis tshua muaj zog thiab haum rau cov kev xav tau ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom.
Pawg
Lub teeb hlau xws li txhuas thiab titanium txo qhov loj ntawm cov hlau ntshiab uas lawv alloy. Cov alloys sib dua no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam aerospace, vim lawv tso cai rau cov tuam txhab tsim thiab tsim cov khoom siv sib zog. Lub dav hlau sib dua tuaj yeem tuav tau ntau dua roj, khoom siv thiab riam phom ntau dua li qhov hnyav. Aluminium alloy log ua rau lub tsheb qhov hnyav tag nrho, ua rau kom zoo dua roj mileage thiab ntxiv kev ceev ntawm kev sib tw.
Thermal Tolerance thiab Melting Point
Alloying hlau hloov lawv cov thermal kam rau ua. Raws li lawv muaj ob los yog ntau dua cov hlau ntshiab, alloys tsis muaj ib qho chaw melting, tab sis es tsis txhob yaj dhau qhov kub thiab txias. Lawv cov qauv molecular tuaj yeem tsa qhov kev sib tw tag nrho ntawm cov hlau saum toj no ntawm ib qho ntawm nws cov khoom siv hlau. Kev txhim kho cov melting ntau ntawm cov hlau muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam siv. SR-71 Blackbird, yog ib lub dav hlau tshawb nrhiav tshaj lij tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub sijhawm, tso siab rau nws lub teeb yuag titanium alloy ncej kom tiv taus qhov thermal stress ntawm nws lub davhlau supersonic.
