Muaj ntau ntau hom khoom siv hlau nplaum mos.
Hlau thiab qis carbon steels
Hlau thiab cov pa roj carbon tsawg yuav yog cov khoom siv sib nqus zoo tshaj plaws thiab pheej yig tshaj. Lawv muaj tus nqi siab heev ntawm BS ~ 2.15 T, uas tsuas yog qis dua cov khoom kim Fe-Co alloys. Tab sis lawv cov resistivities yog qhov tsawg, uas txwv lawv cov kev siv hauv kev siv dynamic. Hlau thiab cov pa roj carbon tsawg feem ntau yog siv rau cov ntawv thov zoo li qub / tsis tshua muaj zaus, xws li cov tub ntxhais ntawm electromagnet, relays, thiab qee lub tshuab hluav taws xob qis uas cov khoom siv yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb loj.
Hlau-silicon alloys
Ntxiv ntawm ob peb ntawm silicon rau hlau yuav ua rau nws cov resistivity notably, yog li ntawd, yog zoo heev rau inhibiting lub eddy tam sim no poob. Txawm hais tias muaj me ntsis txo qis ntawm kev sib nqus magnetization thiab Curie kub, Fe-Si alloys tau siv dav hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ntawm 50 Hz mus rau ntau pua Hz. Txhawm rau txo qhov poob tam sim no, Fe-Si alloys feem ntau dov rau hauv daim ntawv nyias nyias. Lub thickness rau feem ntau Fe-Si alloy yog sib npaug los yog tsawg dua 0.35mm. Nyob ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm kev dov thiab kev kho cua sov, Fe-Si alloy tuaj yeem muab faib ua Grain-Oriented (GO) thiab Non-Oriented (NO). GO Fe-Si yog siv rau transformers, whereas TSIS MUAJ Fe-Si yog siv rau hluav taws xob motors.
Hlau-nickel alloys
Nickel tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau hlau los tsim cov kev daws teeb meem zoo sib xws hauv ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm 35 wt. % rau 8 0 wt. %Ni. Cov alloys nrog muaj pes tsawg leeg nyob ze Fe20Ni80 tau lub npe hu ua Permalloy (tam sim no tib neeg nyiam hu tag nrho cov hlau-nickel alloy nrog cov ntsiab lus nickel siab tshaj 35 wt.% li Permalloy). Cov ntsiab lus me me ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus xws li Mo, Cu, thiab Cr feem ntau yog ntxiv los txhim kho cov khoom sib nqus ntawm Permalloy. Kev ua tiav los ntawm kev hloov kho me me thiab kev kho cua sov, Permalloy tuaj yeem yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom sib nqus softest hauv ntiaj teb, qhov permeability ntawm uas tuaj yeem siab li 1 200 000. Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm Permalloys yog lawv cov saturation magnetization, uas tsuas yog kwv yees li 0.8 T, qis dua li cov hlau thiab Fe-Si alloys. Nrog kev txo qis ntawm cov ntsiab lus npib tsib xee, BS yuav nce ua ntej, ncav cuag nws qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 1.6T ntawm ib ncig ntawm cov ntsiab lus nickel ntawm 48 wt. %, Txawm li cas los xij, qhov permeability yuav tsis zoo li cov alloys nrog cov ntsiab lus siab nickel. Hlau-nickel alloy yog ntau yam sib nqus hlau nplaum, nws cov khoom sib nqus tuaj yeem raug kho los ntawm kev kho cov khoom sib nqus, sib nqus annealing, thiab tshuab dov, thiab lwm yam. Hlau-nickel alloy kuj nthuav tawm zoo heev formability, uas tuaj yeem dov mus rau nyias li 20. microns. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov nickel-hlau alloys tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov dav xws li kev tiv thaiv magnetic teb, kev cuam tshuam hauv av, sib nqus sensors, kaw lub taub hau rau magnetic tapes, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam.
Hlau-cobalt alloys
Ntxiv cobalt rau hlau yuav ua rau ob qho tib si Curie kub thiab BS. Rau cov ntsiab lus cobalt hauv thaj tsam ntawm 33 wt. % rau 50 wt. %, BS tuaj yeem siab li 2.4T. Txawm hais tias tsis yog mos li hlau-nickel alloy, hlau-cobalt alloys tam sim no tus nqi siab tshaj ntawm BS ntawm tag nrho lwm cov hlau nplaum sib nqus. Txhawm rau kom cov formability, 2 wt. % ntawm vanadium ntxiv rau Fe50Co50 alloy, kom nws tuaj yeem dov mus rau nyias li 50 microns. Ntxiv ntawm vanadium kuj tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj zog ntawm cov hlau-cobalt alloy. Vim yog qhov siab tshaj BS, hlau-cobalt alloys yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov ntawv thov uas muaj zog rau qhov hnyav piv xav tau, xws li cov motors thiab transformers siv nyob rau hauv spaceborne li.
Amorphous thiab nanocrystalline alloys
Amorphous alloys, tseem hu ua iav hlau, tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev sib zog sai. Tsis muaj kev txiav txim ntev ntev rau cov atoms hauv amorphous alloys, yog li ntawd, qhov kev tiv thaiv feem ntau yog siab, thiab tsis muaj magneto crystalline anisotropy. Tsis tas li ntawd, amorphous ribbons nyias li ib ncig ntawm 20 mus rau 30 microns tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntws tawm. Tag nrho cov cim no lav amorphous alloys los ua cov neeg sib tw zoo rau cov hlau nplaum mos. Raws li cov khoom sib xyaw, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom lag luam muaj amorphous mos hlau nplaum tuaj yeem faib ua Fe-base, Co-base, thiab (Fe, Ni)-raws li. Rau peb hom no, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm Fe, Co, thiab Ni yog li ntawm 75-90 wt.%, cov remanent yog metalloids thiab iav tsim cov ntsiab lus xws li Si, B, P, C, thiab Zr, Nb, Mo , thiab lwm yam. Ntawm cov hom no, Fe-based muaj qhov siab tshaj BS ntawm txog 1.6 T thiab tus nqi qis tshaj. Cov hlau poob ntawm Fe-raws li amorphous alloy tsuas yog ib feem peb ntawm cov hlau Fe-Si. Yog hais tias Fe-Si hlau nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim transformers yuav hloov tau los ntawm Fe-base amorphous alloy, ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm hluav taws xob fais fab tuag, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv nqi rau tom kawg yog siab dua. Co-based amorphous alloys feem ntau muaj BS qis dua 0.8 T tab sis ntau dua permeability thiab zero tus nqi ntawm magnetostriction, uas yog piv nrog cov softest permalloy, thiab tuaj yeem ua tau zoo dua ntawm cov zaus ntau dua vim nws qhov siab dua. (Fe, Ni)-raws li amorphous alloys tam sim no nruab nrab magnetic zog piv nrog rau lwm yam.
Amorphous xeev yog lub xeev metastable. Thaum cov cua sov siab tshaj qhov ntsuas kub tseem ceeb, nucleation thiab kev loj hlob ntawm microcrystals tshwm sim sai. Rau cov pa amorphous mos magnetic alloys, thaum lub sij hawm crystallization, qhov loj ntawm microcrystals yuav loj hlob mus rau ntau pua nanometers nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm luv luv thiab degenerate cov mos magnetic zog heev. Txawm li cas los xij, tib neeg pom tias los ntawm kev ntxiv qee qhov ntawm Nb thiab Cu rau Fe-raws li amorphous alloy, cov txheej txheem crystallization tuaj yeem tswj tau thiab ib qho kev faib tawm ntawm nanocrystal nrog loj txog 10 nm hauv amorphous matrix tuaj yeem tau. Cov khoom sib nqus ntawm xws li Fe-raws li nanocrystalline alloy tseem softer dua li cov sib txuam amorphous alloy, piv txwv li, siab dua permeability thiab qis coercivity, txawm tias BS kuj qis dua (~ 1.2 T). Lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom sib nqus zoo heev rau Fe-raws li nanocrystalline alloys yog tias ob qho tib si tus nqi ntawm magneto-crystalline anisotropy thiab magnetostriction tuaj yeem hloov mus rau zero. Permalloy thiab Co-based amorphous alloys tuaj yeem muaj zero tus nqi ntawm magneto-crystalline anisotropy thiab magnetostriction, tab sis BS ntawm Fe-based nanocrystalline alloys yog ntau dua. Yog li ntawd, nanocrystalline alloys yuav yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom muag muag muag muag. Lawv tau dav siv hauv wireless charger, siab zaus inductor, sib nqus sensor, electromagnetic shielding, av txhaum interrupter, thiab lwm yam.
Mos magnetic composites
Raws li tau hais ua ntej, cov tuab ntawm cov khoom sib nqus mos ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev txo qis tam sim no poob, yog li cov hlau nplaum mos mos yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm nyias lamination rau dynamic siv. Yog tias peb rhuav tshem lwm qhov ntawm ob qhov loj me ntawm cov hlau nplaum mos, piv txwv li, peb siv cov khoom sib nqus mos ntawm cov hmoov, ces cov eddy tam sim no poob yuav raug txo kom tsawg, thiab cov khoom ua los ntawm kev siv tau ntau dua. zaus. Txhawm rau kom paub qhov kev siv zoo li no, cov hmoov hlau alloy tau npaj ua ntej (feem ntau yog los ntawm txoj kev atomization), cov khoom yuav tsum tau coated nrog ib txheej rwb thaiv tsev, tom qab ntawd, cov hmoov sib tov nrog ib qho me me ntawm cov roj nplua nyeem thiab compressed ntawm qhov khaus. siab ntawm 600-800 MPa rau qhov kawg duab. Cov khoom sib nqus mos uas ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo li no hu ua Soft Magnetic Composites (SMCs) lossis hmoov cores. Lwm qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm SMCs yog tias lawv tuaj yeem ua rau ntau yam tshwj xeeb zoo li cov cores uas tsis yog ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem lamination stacking, uas muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev tsim tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Lub ntsiab drawback ntawm SMCs yog tias lawv cov permeabilities kuj tsawg. Tam sim no cov SMC feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov hmoov Fe, Fe-Si, Fe-Si-Al, Fe-Ni, amorphous thiab nanocrystalline alloys, thiab lwm yam.
Mos ferrites
Tag nrho cov khoom sib nqus mos uas tau hais los saum no yog cov hlau, yog li ntawd, eddy tam sim no tsis tuaj yeem zam. Mos ferrites yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov lawv yog cov ionic compounds thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau qhov kev txiav txim siab ntau dua li cov khoom siv hlau nplaum hlau nplaum. Yog li ntawd, rau daim ntawv thov nrog zaus mus txog 1 MHz, mos ferrites yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws nrog rau lub zog poob. Lub ntsiab drawback rau mos ferrites yog tias BS yog tus qis. Ob hom ferrites feem ntau yog Mn-Zn ferrites ((Mn, Zn) Fe2O4) thiab Ni-Zn ferrites ((Ni, Zn) Fe2O4). Mn-Zn ferrites feem ntau siv qis dua 1 MHz, thaum Ni-Zn ferrites tuaj yeem siv ntau zaus, tab sis BS thiab permeability rau tom kawg yog qis dua.
Txhawm rau xaus, Cov ntaub ntawv sib nqus mos yog cov rhiab rau sab nraud magnetic teb, qhov no ua rau lawv indispensable rau ntau daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm hluav taws xob engineering, xws li transformers, hluav taws xob motors, wireless chargers, hwj chim electronics, thiab lwm yam rau ib tug zoo mos hlau nplaum. , nws saturation flux ceev, permeability, resistivity, thiab Curie kub yuav tsum siab npaum li sai tau, whereas nws coercivity thiab magnetostriction coefficient yuav tsum tsawg li tsawg tau. Tsis muaj ib yam ntawm cov khoom siv hlau nplaum uas muaj peev xwm tuav tau tag nrho lwm tus hauv txhua yam ntawm kev ua tau zoo. Txhawm rau xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog tshaj plaws, kev lag luam tawm ntawm tus nqi, hlau poob, saturation flux ceev, thiab permeability yuav tsum tau ua.
Hlau thiab qis carbon steels muaj qhov zoo heev saturation flux ceev, tab sis lawv cov resistivities tsawg, txwv lawv kev siv rau dynamic daim ntawv thov. Ntau yam alloying ntsiab tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau hauv cov hlau kom ua kom zoo dua nws cov kev sib nqus hauv qee yam. Fe-Si alloys muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau dua li cov hlau ntshiab thiab cov saturation flux densities, lawv tau dav siv rau transformers thiab hluav taws xob lub cev muaj zog ua haujlwm ntawm 50/60 Hz thiab coj qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov khoom muag muag muag. Fe-based amorphous alloys ua tau zoo dua li Fe-Si alloys nrog kev hwm ntawm cov hlau poob thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm ntau zaus, tab sis tus nqi kuj tseem siab dua. Fe-Co alloys nthuav qhia tus nqi siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov dej ntws ntws tawm. Nrog tib lub zog tso zis / lub zog, lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua los ntawm Fe-Co alloys tuaj yeem muaj qhov me me thiab tsawg dua. Fe-Ni alloys, Co-based amorphous alloys thiab Fe-based nanocrystalline alloys yog cov khoom sib nqus zoo tshaj plaws, vim tias ob qho tib si qhov tseem ceeb ntawm magneto-crystalline anisotropy thiab magnetostriction coefficient rau lawv tuaj yeem hloov mus rau zero ib txhij. Ntawm cov no, Fe-raws li nanocrystalline alloys muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws saturation flux ceev, lawv yog ib yam ntawm cov khoom muag muag muag muag. SMCs los yog hmoov cores yuav ua tau zoo dua nyob rau hauv ntau zaus dua li lwm yam hlau mos magnetic cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm nyias strip vim hais tias cov hais yog sib cais los ntawm insulating txheej yog li cov eddy tam sim no cov nyhuv yuav inhibited ntau. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm SMCs yog qhov qis permeability thiab siab hysteresis poob. Mos ferrites muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau qhov kev txiav txim siab ntau dua li cov khoom siv hlau nplaum mos, vim li ntawd, lawv yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev khiav hauj lwm zaus ze lossis siab dua 1 MHz, tab sis lawv cov saturation flux densities tsawg. Qee cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias hauv qee qhov kev siv mos ferrites yuav raug hloov los ntawm SMCs kom txo qhov loj thiab loj ntawm cov khoom siv ntau zaus yog tias cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm rau SMCs tuaj yeem txhim kho.
