Vim li cas qee cov alloys muaj cov khoom sib nqus?

Qee cov hlau nplaum muaj cov khoom sib nqus vim tias lawv muaj cov hlau, npib tsib xee, lossis cobalt, uas yog cov ntsiab lus ferromagnetic.

Alloys yog cov sib xyaw ntawm cov hlau, thiab lawv cov khoom feem ntau txawv ntawm lawv cov khoom siv. Cov khoom sib nqus ntawm cov hlau yog nyob ntawm qhov muaj thiab kev npaj ntawm qee yam hauv nws cov qauv. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas ua rau cov khoom sib nqus ntawm cov hlau yog hlau, nickel, thiab cobalt. Cov no yog hu ua ferromagnetic ntsiab vim hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm yuav magnetised los yog attracted rau hlau nplaum.

Ferromagnetism yog ib yam khoom uas nyob ntawm kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov atoms hauv cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ferromagnetic, lub sij hawm sib nqus ntawm cov atoms yog nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev coj, tsim kom muaj zog magnetic teb. Qhov kev sib raug zoo no yog vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov electrons hauv cov atoms. Txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj lub sijhawm sib nqus vim nws qhov sib nqus, thiab hauv cov ntaub ntawv ferromagnetic, cov spin ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm electrons yog raws li, tsim ib tug muaj zog zuag qhia tag nrho magnetic teb.

Thaum lub alloy muaj ib los yog ntau tshaj ntawm cov ferromagnetic cov ntsiab lus thiab cov atoms yog teem nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev uas tso cai rau lawv sib nqus lub sij hawm mus dlhos, lub alloy yuav muaj magnetic zog. Piv txwv li, hlau yog ib qho hlau hlau thiab cov pa roj carbon, thiab nws yog hlau nplaum vim nws muaj cov hlau atoms uas tuaj yeem ua raws li cov hlau nplaum sib nqus. Ib yam li ntawd, alnico yog ib qho alloy ntawm txhuas, npib tsib xee, thiab cobalt, thiab nws yog siv los ua cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov.

Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog tag nrho cov alloys uas muaj cov ntsiab lus ferromagnetic yog hlau nplaum. Kev npaj ntawm cov atoms thiab muaj lwm cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov khoom sib nqus. Piv txwv li, stainless hlau yog ib qho alloy ntawm hlau, carbon, thiab chromium, thiab nws tsis yog magnetic vim hais tias cov chromium atoms cuam tshuam cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov hlau atoms. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom sib nqus ntawm cov hlau tsis yog nyob ntawm nws qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, tab sis kuj nyob ntawm nws cov qauv atomic.